Depression

Depression impacts a person’s quality of life. It is a mood disorder that causes consistent unhappiness and loss of interest in daily life, and can last for weeks, months or even years.

Types of depression

Depression can manifest in different forms but may include similar symptoms

• Major depression: Feeling consistently sad and unhappy.
• Seasonal Affective Disorder: SAD occurs due to seasonal changes in winter.
• Bipolar Disorder: Bipolar disorder is also known as ‘manic depression and is characterised by intense mood swings.
• Postpartum depression: Depression that occurs after childbirth.
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A condition affecting women during the premenstrual cycle whereby they experience bouts of depression.
• Persistent Depressive Disorder: Depression that continues for longer than two years.

Signs of depression

The symptoms of depression may vary, but usually comprise of:

• Constant feelings of sadness
• Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
• Appetite and weight changes
• Sleeping too little or too much
• Fatigue
• Difficulty concentrating
• Feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness

Causes of depression

Several factors need to be considered when diagnosing depression, such as a genetic history of mental illness in the family, environmental factors, diet and relationships. However, the most common causes include:

• Genetics (history of mental illness in the family)
• Social or environmental factors (the loss of a loved one or living conditions)
• Psychological factors (such as a traumatic incident)
• Medication
• Changes to the brain's neurotransmitters

Treatment for depression

The treatment for depression will vary depending on the severity of the condition. Typically, there are three primary levels of treatment:

• Support: Often, simple lifestyle changes and proper support from loved ones can do wonders for treating minor depression. Positive lifestyle changes include a healthy diet and fitness regime and educating loved ones.
• Psychotherapy: Therapy involves understanding the signs and impact depression has and implementing thought and behavioural changes to create new neural pathways. Various methods may be used to achieve a healthier outlook.
• Medication: Antidepressants may be prescribed to treat severe cases.